Oceania of the sweet potato is a New World domesticate。 另外要注意这个句子中,用到的是domesticate的名词用法。
dormant['d?:rm?nt]a。 静止的;休眠的;隐匿的
搭配 a dormant volcano 休眠火山
例句 1。 The seeds could go by the air; float on the water; and lie dormant for several months。 这些种子可以在空气中传播,浮在水面上,并且能够休眠数月。
2。 With the fall of water level; lichens may bee dormant。 随着水位的下降,苔藓可能会开始休眠。
要点 托福阅读中出现过dormant作为“休眠的”意思,与之相近的词语还有inactive“不活跃的”。
drift[drift]v。 漂流 n。 漂流;漂泊;倾向
搭配 continental drift 大陆漂移
例句 1。 After analyzing the sediments of marine; geologists learned that there were many shorter and regular cycles of glaciation and deglaciation than they had learned from the glacial drift of the continents alone。 经过分析海洋沉淀物质之后,地质学家们认识到与他们单独从大陆冰川漂移中得知的相比,还有更多更短的周期性的冰川形成和消失。
2。 Wind studies and puter simulations suggest that drifting canoes would have been the most impossible measures of crossing the ocean。 关于风力的研究以及计算机模拟实验显示,漂流独木舟最不可能是横渡海洋的工具。
3。 This kind of drift wood could have been drifting in the ocean currents for months or even years。 这种漂流木可能已经在海中漂流了数月,甚至数年之久。
要点 我们平时经常会碰到drift作动词的用法,但在托福阅读中出现了drift作名词的用法“漂流物;吹积物”。
droplet['drɑ:pl?t]n。 小滴;飞沫
搭配 droplet transmission 飞沫传播
例句 1。 As muddy sediments are pressed together; the gas and small oil droplets may be squeezed out of the mud; and may move into sandy layers nearby。 当泥泞的沉淀物被挤压在一起时,气体和小油滴也许会被挤出泥土之外,并渗入到附近的沙层当中。
2。 These millimeter…sized; melted silicate material droplets were cooled into spheres of glass and crystal。 这些只有几毫米大的融化硅酸盐液滴经冷却成为了玻璃或水晶球体。
elevation[?eli'vei?n]n。 提高;高度,海拔
例句 1。 With the increase of elevation; narrow and deep channels of water form throughout the marsh。 随着海拔增高而形成的窄而深的水槽遍布整个湿地。
2。 The elevation in the northern peninsula is sufficiently low for the ancient Maya to reach the water table at deep sinkholes; or at deep caves。 半岛北部的海拔足够低,这使古玛雅人可以在污水深坑或深洞里接触到地下水位。
同义 altitude(n。 海拔)
emerge[i'm?:r?]v。 显露,暴露;(从水中)出来
例句 1。 The cinema didn't emerge as a form of mass consumption at first until the technology enabled to project images on a screen in a darkened theater。 最初,电影院并没有作为一种大众消费形式出现,直到技术可以实现将图像投映到黑暗的剧院的银幕上。
2。 In recent years; some talented artists emerged as leading figures in this field。 近些年,一些有才华的艺术家作为业界领军人物出现。
engulf[in'g?lf]v。 吞没
例句 1。 When a glacier moves; the rock formations behind have been engulfed; pushed; and dragged by it。 当冰川移动时,后面的岩层将被它吞没、挤压或拖拽。
2。 Sometimes animals and plants would be preserved if they were immersed in tar or quicksand; trapped in ice; or engulfed by rapid falls of volcanic ash。 有时,动物和植物在浸入柏油或流沙、陷入冰中或是被急速倾泻而下的火山灰淹没之后得以保存下来。
同义 merge(v。 吞没)
equator[i'kweit?r]n。 赤道
例句 They could trace the growth and shrinkage of the continental glaciers; even in parts of ocean where there may have been little change in temperature; for example; around the equator。 他们可以追踪大陆冰川的增大或缩小,甚至在那些海洋中气温变化较弱的地方也是如此,比如赤道周围。
equatorial[?ekw?'t?:ri?l]a。 赤道的,赤道附近的
搭配 equatorial plane 赤道平面
例句 Properly speaking; pineapples grow in high…rainfall equatorial areas where the climate is wet or humid all year round。 确切地说,菠萝生长在雨水充沛的赤道附近地区,那里的气候常年湿润。
erode[i'roud]v。 侵蚀,腐蚀;变坏;削弱
例句 1。 The melting ice erodes the soil around it。 融化的冰开始侵蚀周围的土壤。
2。 A new route became especially necessary if the European seafarers wanted to avoid Middle Eastern states whose central power had begun to erode。 如果欧洲的航海家想要避开那些中心力量已开始削弱的中东国家,开辟一条新的航行线路就尤为重要。
同义 corrode(v。 侵蚀,腐蚀)
要点 erode这个词不但可以在地质学方面表示“腐蚀,侵蚀”,也可以用其比喻意,表示“变坏;削弱”,比如“使货币贬值”就可以说成erode the value of money。
erosion[i'rou?n]n。 腐蚀,侵蚀;减少
搭配 swale erosion 洼地侵蚀;soil erosion 土壤侵蚀;the erosion of coastal area 沿海地区的减少
例句 1。 In this diverse region; sign of glacial erosion and sedimentation can be seen。 在这个多样化的地区,人们可以看到冰川侵蚀和沉积的迹象。
2。 Farmers in this area are plagued with soil depletion and erosion。 该地区的农民正承受着土壤贫瘠和侵蚀的困扰。
3。 This issue should really be a concern to civil engineers: the erosion of the land。 这个问题是土木工程师真正应该关心的,即土地受到的侵蚀。
erratic[i'r?tik]a。 古怪的;反复无常的;不规则的
例句 This phenomenon involves many factors: the chaotic atmosphere fluctuations; the slower but erratic oceans behavior; and the changes in land surfaces。 这一现象的出现涉及许多因素:包括混乱的大气波动、缓慢但不稳定的海洋运动以及土地表面的变化。
同义 eccentric(a。 古怪的;反复无常的)
eruption[i'r?p?n]n。 火山爆发;(战争)爆发;(疾病)发作
例句 Generally speaking; people believed that the extinction of this creature resulted from drastic environmental changes caused by meteorite impacts or massive volcanic eruptions。 一般来说,人们相信这种生物的灭绝源于由陨石的冲击或巨大的火山爆发造成的剧烈环境变化。
evaporate[i'v?p?reit]v。(使)蒸发;消失,不复存在
例句 1。 A crustal movement closed the straits; while the ocean locked inside started to evaporate。 地壳运动封锁了海峡,被包围在其中的海水开始蒸发。
2。 Ice has evaporated from its outer layers; leaving a crust of dust all over the surface。 冰已经从外层开始融化,在表面留下了一层尘土。
evaporation[i?v?p?'rei?n]n。 蒸发;消失,不存在
搭配 soil evaporation 土壤流失
例句 A lake's residence time has no fixed quantity but relies on the rate that water enters the lake; the rainfall and the evaporation rate of water。 湖水的存留时间没有一个定量,而是取决于水流入湖中的速率、降水量以及湖水的蒸发率。
evolution[?ev?'lu:?n]n。 发展;演变;进化
例句 1。 Evolution can't always be regarded as a slow progression。 进化不能总是被看做一种缓慢的进程。
2。 In the 19th century; the theory of evolution put forward by Darwin was violently criticized。 在19世纪,达尔文提出的进化论受到了强烈的批判。
evolutionary[?ev?'lu:??neri]a。 进化的;发展的
搭配 evolutionary psychology 进化心理学
例句 This 700…million…year…old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals; but paleontologists believe that it represents a failed evolutionary experiment。 这个已经形成了7亿年的地质构造并不能提供现代动物起源的线索,然而古生物学家们相信,这代表着一次失败的进化实验。
extinct[ik'sti?kt]a。 灭绝的,不存在的;(火山)不再活跃的
搭配 an extinct species 已灭绝的物种;extinct volcano 死火山
例句 1。 Even though the new population is of a different species; it is probably able to fill the niche vacated by the extinct species。 尽管这个新的种群是完全不同的物种,它应该也可以填补因物种灭绝而空出的生态位。
2。 Biologists have found that more than 99 percent of all species which ever existed have bee extinct。 生物学家发现超过99%的曾经存在过的物种都已灭绝。
extinction[ik'sti?k?n]n。 灭绝,绝种;熄灭
搭配 wildlife extinction 野生动物灭绝
例句 1。 Evidence shows that hunting and habitat destruction are likely the causes of mass extinction。 证据表明,猎杀和生活环境的破坏可能是物种大规模灭绝的原因。
2。 A group of paleontologists who study fossils have revealed that the extinction rate has increased over the past 26 million years。 一组研究化石的古生物学者发现,在过去的2600万年里,物种灭绝的速率有所增长。
faulting['f?:lti?]n。 断层作用;断层错动;故障
例句 1。 The fracturation was caused by severe crustal adjustments and faulting。 剧烈的地壳调整和断层作用造成了岩层断裂。
2。 The water from one sea to the other leads to faulting。 水从一个海域流入另一个海域导致了断层作用。
faunal['f?nl]a。 动物区系的
搭配 faunal evolution 动物演化
例句 The faunal changes and even the unusual gravel indicate the geological conditions of this area。 动物区系的变化乃至不常见的碎石都可以显示这一地区的地质条件。
要点 动物区系(fauna)是指在历史发展过程中形成,并在现代的生态条件下存在的许多动物类型的总体,因此动物区系是在历史因素和生态因素的共同作用下形成的。
fern[f?:rn]n。 蕨,蕨类植物
例句 In volcanic areas; lichens and ferns were found together as typical vegetation of that area。 在火山地区,苔藓和蕨类植物一起作为那个地区的代表性植被被发现。
flake[fleik]n。 薄片 v。 使成薄片;雪片般落下
例句 1。 After further melting; refreezing; and increased weight from newer snowfall above; the snow intermediate between flakes and ice is called firn。 经过进一步的融化、再冻结,并通过上面新落下的降雪增加重量之后,介于雪花和冰晶之间的雪被称为粒雪。
2。 When the tool was used; it was rotated clockwise and the flakes fell in sequence。 当工具被使用的时候会顺时针转动,这时会有刨花依次剥落下来。
同义 slice(n。 薄片);chip(v。 使成薄片)
flipper['flip?r]n。(非鱼类海生动物的)鳍状肢;橡胶蹼
例句 The leatherback turtles have a countercurrent exchange system to keep the flippers from drawin