《托福阅读1000词》

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托福阅读1000词- 第36部分


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些剩余的水只能支持35%~40%的灌溉亩数。
2。 Unfortunately; the cost of water obtained through these schemes would increase pumping costs and make the cost of irrigated agricultural products unpetitive on the national and international markets。 不幸的是,通过这些方案获得水资源的成本会使抽水的成本加大,使得灌溉农产品在国内和国际市场上都不具竞争力。
派生 irrigation(n。 灌溉)
laden['leidn]a。 载满货的;充满的;有精神负担的
例句 1。 Heavily laden wagons were widely used in the industrial regions。 在一些工业地区,重型装载火车的使用十分广泛。
2。 The water was always laden with pebbles; gravel; and sand; known as glacial outwash; that was deposited as the flow slowed down。 海水经常充满了鹅卵石、碎石和沙子,随着涨潮退去而沉积下来,这些都称做冰水沉积。
同义 filled(a。 满的)
lane[lein]n。 小路;行车道;航线
例句 It was a close…knit munity that was consisted of rectangular; one…storey mud…brick houses; and narrow lanes; which was finally abandoned about 5000 B。C。 这是一个密集型的社区,由矩形的泥砖平房以及狭窄的道路构成,但它最终在公元前5000年的时候被遗弃了。
同义 表示道路的词还有:path 路径;channel 通道;highway 公路;bypass 旁道。
moisture['m?is??r]n。 潮湿,湿气
例句 1。 The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks; and then pass these on in waste products that nourish algae。 菌类从岩石中吸收湿气和矿物盐,并把这些物质通过废物传递,而这些废物可以为海藻提供营养。
2。 The presence or absence of moisture is determined by the special qualities and conditions of the urban surface。 湿度的高低由城市地表的特性和状况决定。
3。 This moisture is supplied by the passage of an airstream over a water surface。 一阵气流经过水面,带来了湿气。
同义 humidity(n。 潮湿)
navigable['n?vig?bl]a。 可通航的;可驾驶的
例句 1。 Before 1815; the only ways to connect to the western farmers who did not live on navigable waterways were dirt roads and mountain trails。 在1815年之前,当西方的农民还没有可通航的水道时,只能通过泥土路和山路与他们联系。
2。 Europe's maritime tradition had developed in the context of easily navigable seas such as the Mediterranean; the Baltic; and the North Sea — not of vast oceans。 欧洲的海事传统是在可以轻松通航的海洋这一背景下发展起来的,比如地中海、波罗的海以及北海,而不是大片的海域。
navigate['n?vigeit]v。 航行,横渡;导航
例句 1。 He wanted to see whether the Sun affects the birds' ability to navigate toward the box with food。 他想知道太阳能否影响鸟类找到装满食物的盒子的能力。
2。 If a homing pigeon navigates with its Sun pass; its bio…clock must be set by cues provided by the daylight and the darkness cycle。 如果信鸽利用自己的太阳罗盘来导航,那么它的生物钟一定是根据白昼黑夜的交替提供的信号而设定的。
3。 There is evidence indicating that birds navigate by a wide variety of environmental cues。 有证据表明,鸟儿是通过各种环境信号来导航的。
派生 navigation(n。 航行)
navigator['n?vigeit?r]n。 领航员;导航仪
例句 An American anthropologist said that the sweet potatoes might just have been brought back by the Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America。 一位美国人类学家表示,甘薯有可能是由波利尼西亚的领航员带回来的,他们可能曾经到达过美国南部的西海岸。
network['netw?:rk]n。 网络;网状物;广播网,电视网
搭配 transportation network 交通网络;interconnected network 互联网
例句 Among the tribe; personal relationships and a careful weighing of character have always been crucial in a mercantile economy; where one's word is one's bond and where informal ties of trust cement together an international trade network。 在部落中,人与人之间的关系以及对个性的仔细权衡对于商品经济来说至关重要,在这样的经济体中,每个人所说的话就是契约,而且非正式的信任纽带巩固了这一国际贸易网络。
要点 network通常指抽象概念中的网络,比如:trade network“商业网”,transportation network“交通网络”等。
overe[?ouv?r'k?m]v。 战胜,克服;压倒
例句 1。 Critics pointed out that it would be impossible to overe the technical difficulties of making earlier sound films。 评论家指出很难克服早期有声电影制作的技术难题。
2。 An invention had to be made before the limitations of stone could be overe and alternative architectural forms could be created。 新的发明必须要在石头的限制被克服并创造出替代的建筑形式之前出现。
3。 If the pores are large; the water in them will exist as drops and are too heavy for surface tension; but if the pores are small enough; the water in them will exist as thin films that are too light to overe the force of surface tension and be firmly held。 如果气孔很大,那么它其中的水就会以水滴的形式存在,这样就会太重而导致表面张力无法承受;但是如果气孔足够小,其中的水就会以薄膜的形式存在,由于重量太轻而无法克服表面张力,这样就会被稳定地承托住。
同义 conquer; defeat(v。 战胜)
要点 overe多指“战胜或克服困难”,尤其是研究或科学技术层面上的困难,比如:overe the technical difficulties“克服技术难题”。
overshadow[?ouv?r'??dou]v。 给…蒙上阴影;使…不快;使…显得不重要
例句 The booming of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual images; which were developing simultaneously。 录音的急速发展使带有视觉图像的技术和美学实验的多样性黯然失色,而这些是与录音同时发展的。
overtake[?ouv?r'teik]v。 追上,超越;突然降临于;超车
例句 1。 Clean energy; for example biofuel; may overtake oil as the mainly used fuel in the next century。 在下个世纪,生物燃料这类的清洁能源或将取代石油成为主要燃料。
2。 It is proved to be dangerous to overtake on a bend。 在弯道上超车很危险。
overwhelming[?ouv?r'welmi?]a。 压倒一切的,势不可挡的;巨大的
例句 The overwhelming evidence of anthropology; linguistics; and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders were skilled enough to be navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents。 人类学、语言学和考古学的有力证据都显示,居住在太平洋岛上的人们拥有领航员才拥有的技巧,可以迎着强大的风和水流航行。
要点 这个单词可以起到突出强调的作用,通常用于形容事物的影响力之大。
parlor['pɑ:rl?r]n。 客厅
例句 The first kinetoscope parlors for viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors。 最早用于观影的电影放映厅是在模仿留声机音乐播放厅的基础上建立的。
patchy['p??i]a。 有补丁的;质量不一致的;不均匀的
例句 A patchy environment is thought to increase stability for it has the ability to support a wide variety of organisms。 不均衡的环境被认为能够增加稳定性,因为它有能力支持多种多样的生物体生存。
path[p?θ]n。 道路;路线;小路
例句 Emergency management officials said some residents in the storm's path headed straight for the emergency shelters。 应急管理人员表示,一些受到暴风影响的居民直接奔向了避难所。
同义 route(n。 路线)
penchant['pen??nt]n。 爱好,嗜好
例句 Neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself generated theater。 既不是人类模仿的天性也不是对幻想本身的爱好导致了戏剧的产生。
perceptive[p?r'septiv]a。 感知的;有洞察力的;有理解力的
例句 1。 The observational assessment and physiological measures revealed that the infant of only a few days is far more perceptive than previously suspected。 观察评估和生理测定揭示出生几天的婴儿比之前预想的更具洞察力。
2。 The theory was questioned by this perceptive scholar。 这个理论受到这位有洞察力的学者的质疑。
同义 perceptual(a。 知觉的)
perceptual[p?r'sep?u?l]a。 感知的,知觉的
例句 1。 In the study of perceptual abilities of infants; some techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli。 在对婴儿感官能力的研究中,一些方法被用来判定婴儿对各种刺激物的反应。
2。 Changes in the infant's general level of motor activity — turning the head; blinking the eyes; crying; and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities。 婴儿运动的一般水平发生的改变,如转头、眨眼、哭泣等等,被研究者认为是婴儿感知能力的视觉表现。
3。 The study shows that people's perceptual and filtering processes will create misunderstandings。 研究显示人们在感知和筛选的过程中会产生误解。
permit[p?r'mit]v。 允许,许可['p?:rmit]n。 许可证,执照
例句 1。 The low growth form permits the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by winter snow。 以低矮的形态生长的植物可以利用冬季积雪提供的保温作用。
2。 The villages that had relatively advanced agricultural production permitted not only the survival of peasants but also the accumulation of an agricultural surplus for investment。 那些拥有相对高级的农产品的村庄不但能使生活在那里的农民生存下去,还有积累的富余农产品可以进行投资。
3。 The ecology of the area permitted the predators to prowl the surrounding barrens。 这个地区的生态环境使掠食者可以在周围的荒漠中潜行。
同义 enable; allow(v。 允许);license(n。 许可证,执照)
phase[feiz]n。 相位,月相;阶段 v。 分阶段实行
搭配 the phases of the Moon 月相
例句 1。 During all phases of sleep; we can observe there are several changes in the air passages。 在睡眠的各个阶段,可以观察到呼吸道存在多种变化。
2。 As far back as 30;000 B。C。; hunters may have used a system of notation that was engraved on bones and stones to mark phases of the Moon。 远在公元前30000年,捕猎者或许会用刻在骨头和石头上的一系列符号来记录月相。
3。 For thousands of years; the phases of the Moon have been used as primary divisions of time。 几千年来,月相一直被用于区分时间。
同义 period(n。 时期)
pipeline['paiplain]n。 管线,管道
例句 Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults and cause serious oil spills
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