¡¶µËСƽʱ´ú(¸Û°æÎÞɾ½ÚÈ«±¾)×÷Õß:¸µ¸ßÒå¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

µËСƽʱ´ú(¸Û°æÎÞɾ½ÚÈ«±¾)×÷Õß:¸µ¸ßÒå- µÚ2²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

¾ÙÐÐÕдý»áµÄ¹ú¼ÒÃÀÊõ¹ÝµÄÒôÏìЧ¹ûÊ®·ÖÔã¸â£¬²»ÊǸöÊʺÏÑݽ²µÄµØ·½£¬´ÓÀ©ÒôÆ÷ÖÐÍêÈ«Ìý²»ÇåµËСƽºÍÒëÔ±ÔÚ˵Щʲ¡¡

ô¡£ÓÚÊÇÎÒÃÇÕâȺ¾ÛÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄÖйú¹Û²ì¼ÒͬÐÐÅóÓѼÌÐø×Å×Ô¼ºµÄ½»Ì¸¡£¾Ý½Ó½üµËСƽµÄÈË˵£¬ÕâȺߴߴÔûÔû¡¢ÐIJ»ÔÚÑÉ¡¡

µÄÈËÁîËû°ÃÄÕ¡£È»¶øËû¸øÎÒÃÇ´ó¶àÊýÔÚ³¡µÄÈ˵ÄÓ¡Ïó£¬ÊÇËûÈçºÎÏñ¶Ô×ÅһȺÕý½óΣ×øÏ´¶ú¹§ÌýµÄÖйúÌýÖÚÒ»ÑùÄî׎²¸å¡£¡¡

Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÒªÁ˽âµËСƽ£¬¾ÍÏñÒ»¸öÀúʷѧ¼ÒҪȥÁ˽â×Ô¼ºµÄÑо¿Ö÷ÌâÒ»Ñù£¬Ö»ÄÜͨ¹ýÑжÁÎÄ×Ö²ÄÁÏ¡£¶ø¹ØÓÚµËС¡¡

ƽһÉúµÄ²»Í¬·½Ãæ´æÔÚ×ŶàÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ¼ÍÊ¡£¾¡¹ÜµËСƽ¸æ½ëд×÷Õß²»Òª´µÅõ£¬µ«ÔÚ¹Ù·½»ò°ë¹Ù·½Àúʷд×÷ÖУ¬°ýÑïÓ¢ÐÛ¡¢¡¡

±áÒÖËûÈ˵Ĵ«Í³ÔÚÖйúÒÀÈ»Á÷ÐС£ÓÉÓÚÁíһЩ¹ÙÔ±Ò²»áÓÐÃØÊé»ò¼ÒÈËдһЩÒçÃÀµÄÎÄ×Ö£¬Ï¸ÐĵĶÁÕß±ã¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔÕâЩ²»Í¬¡¡

µÄ¼Í¼½øÐбȽϡ£µ³Ê·×¨¼ÒÖÐÒ²ÓÐһЩ³öÓÚÖ°ÒµÔðÈθжø±ü±ÊÖ±ÊéµÄÈË¡£¡¡
Ëæןü¶àµ³ÄÚµµ°¸µÄ¹«¿ª£¬Î´À´½«Óиü¶àдµËСƽµÄÊé¡£µ«ÎÒÏàÐÅ£¬¶ÔÑо¿µËСƽµÄѧÕ߶øÑÔ£¬Ã»ÓбÈÏÖÔÚ¸üºÃ¡¡

µÄд×÷ʱ¼ä¡£ºÜ¶à»ù±¾µÄÄêÆ××ÊÁÏÒѱ»ÕûÀíºÍ·¢±í£¬´óÁ¿»ØÒä¼Òѳö°æ£¬¿öÇÒÎÒ»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÒÔºóµÄÀúʷѧ¼ÒÎÞ·¨ÔÙÓеĻú¡¡

»á£ºÎÒµÃÒÔ¸úµËСƽµÄ¼ÒÈË¡¢Í¬ÊÂÒÔ¼°ÕâЩͬʵļÒÈË»áÃ潻̸£¬ËûÃÇΪÎÒÌṩÁËһЩδ±ØÄÜ´ÓÎÄ×Ö²ÄÁÏÖлñµÃµÄ¼û½â¡¡

ºÍϸ½Ú¡£¹ýÈ¥¼¸ÄêÖУ¬ÎÒ×ܹ²»¨ÁË´óÔ¼¡¡12¡¡¸öÔµÄʱ¼äÔÚÖйú¡¢ÓÃÖÐÎIJɷÃÁËÄÇЩÁ˽âµËСƽ¼°Æäʱ´úµÄÈË¡£¡¡
¡¡
¡¡
¾ÍÑо¿µËСƽʼ£µÄ¿Í¹Û¼Í¼¶øÑÔ£¬×î»ù±¾µÄÒ»²¿ÎÄÏ×ÊÇ¡¶µËСƽÄêÆס·£º2004¡¡ÄêÏȳö°æÁËÁ½¾í£¬¹²¼Æ¡¡1£»383¡¡
Ò³£¬´Ó¹Ù·½½Ç¶È¼Ç¼µËСƽ´Ó¡¡1975¡¡ÄêÖ±µ½¡¡1997¡¡ÄêÈ¥ÊÀÇ°¼¸ºõÿһÌìµÄ»î¶¯£»2009¡¡ÄêÓÖ³ö°æÁËÈý¾í£¬¹²¼Æ¡¡2£»079¡¡Ò³£¬¡¡
¼ÇÊö¡¡1904¡¡Äêµ½¡¡1974¡¡ÄêµËСƽµÄÉúƽ¡£Óɵ³Ê·Ñ§Õß×é³ÉµÄ±àдÕⲿÄêÆ׵İà×Ó¿ÉÒÔ½Ó´¥µ½´óÁ¿µ³ÄÚµµ°¸£¬²¢Á¦Çó×öµ½¡¡
¼Ç¼׼ȷ¡£ÄêÆײ»Ìṩ½âÊÍ£¬²»½øÐаý±á£¬²»×÷´§²â£¬Ã»ÓÐÉ漰һЩ×îÃô¸ÐµÄÖ÷Ì⣬Ҳ²»ÌáÕþÖζ·Õù¡£²»¹ý£¬Ëü¶ÔÓÚÈ·¡¡
¶¨µËСƽÔøÔÚºÎʱ¸úºÎÈË»á̸£¬ÒÔ¼°ÔںܶàÇé¿öÏÂËûÃÇÖ®¼ä˵ÁËЩʲô£¬¶¼´óÓаïÖú¡£¡¡
µËСƽµÄºÜ¶àÖØÒª½²»°¾­¹ý±à×ëÕûÀíºó£¬ÊÕÈëÁ˹ٷ½µÄ¡¶µËСƽÎÄÑ¡¡·¡£ÕⲿÈý¾í±¾µÄ×Å×÷ÌṩÁ˹ØÓڵ˵ĺܶࡡ
ÖØ´óÕþ²ßµÄÓÐÓüͼ£¬¾¡¹Ü£¬¼«Îª¹Ø¼üµÄÊÇ£¬ÈÔÐèÒª²ÎÕÕµ±Ê±¹úÄں͹ú¼ÊʼþµÄ´ó±³¾°¶ÔÖ®×÷³öÚ¹ÊÍ¡£ÓйسÂÔÆ¡¢Ò¶½£¡¡
Ó¢ºÍÖܶ÷À´µÄÖØÒª½²»°ºÍÎÄÕµıàÄê×ÊÁÏͬÑùºÜÓаïÖú¡£¡¡
×îÓÐÖúÓÚÉîÈëÀí½âµËСƽ¸öÈË˼ÏëµÄ×Å×÷£¬ÊǵËСƽµÄСٶùµËéÅ£¨Ã«Ã«£©ËùдµÄÓйظ´³ö֮ǰµÄµËСƽµÄÁ½²¿¡¡
Êé¡£ËüÃÇÊǸù¾ÝËýµÄ¸öÈË»ØÒ䣬Ëý¶ÔÁ˽âµËСƽµÄÈ˵IJɷã¬ÒÔ¼°Öй²µµ°¸Ð´³ÉµÄ¡£1989¡¡ÄêÌì°²ÃÅʼþºóµËСƽµÄ½¡¡¡
¿µ×´¿öÿ¿öÓúÏ£¬µËéÅÒ»°ã¶¼»áÅãͬ¸¸Ç×Íâ³ö¡£¾¡¹ÜµËСƽ²»¸ú¼ÒÈË̸Â۸߲ãÕþÖΣ¬µ«¼ÒÈ˼ÈÊìϤËû±¾ÈË£¬ÓÖÁ˽â¹ú¼Ò¡¡
ÐÎÊÆ£¬ËùÒÔ×ãÒÔÁì»áºÍÀí½âËû¹ØÇеÄÎÊÌâºÍ¿¼ÂÇÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨£¬ÆäÖÐÓÐЩ¶«Î÷Ò²Ö»ÓÐËûÃÇ¿´µÃµ½¡£ÆäÖС¶Îҵĸ¸Ç×µËСƽ¡·¡¡
½²ÊöÁË¡¡1949¡¡ÄêÒÔÇ°µËСƽµÄ¾­Àú£¬ÁíÒ»²¿¡¶µËСƽ£ºÎĸïËêÔ¡·¼ÇÊöµÄÊÇ¡¡1969¡¡ÄêÖÁ¡¡1973¡¡Äê¼äËýÅãͬ¸¸Ä¸´Ó±±¾©Ï¡¡
·Åµ½½­Î÷Ê¡µÄËêÔ¡£ËýÔÚÊéÖÐÃ÷ÏÔ±í¶³ö¶Ô¸¸Ç׵ĸÐÇéºÍ³ç¾´£¬Ãè»æÁËÒ»¸öÊ®·ÖÕýÃæµÄÈËÎïÐÎÏ󣬵«ÊÇËýÒ²½²ÊöÁ˺ܶࡡ
ϸ½Ú£¬½ÒʾÁ˲»ÉÙµËСƽµÄÆ·¸ñºÍ̬¶È¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬¿¼Âǵ½µ³µÄÕþ²ßÏÞÖÆ£¬ÒÔ¼°ËýÒªÃè»æÒ»¸öÕýÃæÐÎÏóµÄŬÁ¦£¬ËýÒѾ­ÊÇ¡¡
¾ªÈ˵Ø̹°×¡¢¿ª·ÅºÍ¾ßÌåÁË¡£ËýÔÚдÕâЩÊéʱµÃµ½Á˵³Ê·Ñ§ÕßµÄЭÖú£¬ÓÉËûÃǺ˶ÔÈÕÆÚ¡¢ÈËÃûºÍʼþ¡£ËýµÄд×÷ÈÔÔڼ̡¡
Ðø£¬ÕýÔÚд½¨¹ú³õÆÚµËСƽµÄ»î¶¯£¬µ«»¹Î´Ð´µ½¡¡1973¡¡ÄêÖ®ºóÈÔºÜÓÐÕùÒéµÄʱÆÚ¡£Ëý¿®È»Í¬Òâ½ÓÊÜÎҵļ¸´Î³¤Ê±¼ä²É·Ã£¬¡¡
¶ÔËýËùдµÄÄÚÈݽøÐв¹³ä˵Ã÷¡£¡¡
ÔÚÎÒÔú½ø´óÁ¿ÖÐÎÄÎÄÏ×֮ǰ£¬ÓÐЩӢÎÄ×Å×÷ΪÎÒÑо¿µËСƽʱ´úÌṩÁ˺ܺõÄÆðµã£¬µ«³ýÁËËïÍò¹úºÍ¸¥ÀûµÂÀï¿Ë¡¡
£¿Ì©Î°Ë¹£¨Frederick¡¡Teiwes£©µÄ×Å×÷Í⣬ËüÃÇ´ó¶à׫дÓÚΪ¼ÍÄîµËСƽ°ÙËêµ®³½¶ø³ö°æµÄÄêÆ׺ͻØÒäÎÄ×ÖÃæÊÀ֮ǰ¡£¡¡
ÒÔÏÂ×÷ÕßµÄ×Å×÷ÁîÎÒ¸ñÍâÊÜÒ棺±«Èð¼Î£¨Richard¡¡Baum£©¡¢Àí²éµÂ£¿ÒÁÎÄ˼£¨Richard¡¡Evans£©¡¢¸µÊ¿×¿£¨Joseph¡¡
Fewsmith£©¡¢Ã·ÀÕ£¿¹È÷£¨Merle¡¡Goldman£©¡¢ÂíÈôµÂ£¨Âó¿Ë·¨¿ä¶û£©£¨Roderick¡¡MacFarquhar£©ºÍÉòÂõ¿Ë£¨Michael¡¡
Schoenhals£©¡¢ÄªÀï˹£¿Âõ˹ÄÉ£¨Âí˼ÀÖ£©£¨Maurice¡¡Meisner£©¡¢Ç®Æäè¡¡¢Â½²®±ò£¨Robert¡¡Ross£©¡¢ÈîÃú¡¢¹þÀï¡¡
É­£¿Ë÷¶û×Ȳ®ÀHarrison¡¡Salisbury£©¡¢Ì©Î°Ë¹¡¢ËïÍò¹úºÍÓÚ¹âÔ¶¡£¡¡
Àí²éµÂ£¿ÒÁÎÄ˼´óʹÊÇһλ´ÏÃ÷¸ÉÁ·µÄÓ¢¹úÍâ½»¹Ù£¬1984¡¡ÄêÖÁ¡¡1988¡¡ÄêÈÎÓ¢¹úפ»ª´óʹ¡£Ëû¸ù¾Ý×Ô¼ººÍµËСƽ¡¡
µÄ»á̸ÒÔ¼°Ó¢¹úÕþ¸®Îļþ£¬Ð´ÁË¡¡Deng¡¡Xiaoping¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Making¡¡of¡¡Modern¡¡China£§02£§¡¡¡¡¡£´ËÊéÖ÷ÒªÉæ¼°µËСƽÔÚ¡¡1973¡¡
ÄêÒÔÇ°µÄ¾­Àú£¬ÎªÊܹýÁ¼ºÃ½ÌÓýµÄ¶ÁÕßÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÎıʼ«¼ÑµÄ¸ÅÊö¡£ÔÚÎ÷·½µÄÕþÖÎѧÕßÖм䣬±«Èð¼Î¶ÔµËСƽʱ´úµÄÕþ¡¡
ÖÎ×öÁË×îΪϸÖµÄÑо¿£¬Ð´³É¡¡Burying¡¡Mao£¨¡¶ÂñÔáëÔ󶫡·£©Ò»Êé¡£ËûÀûÓÃÁË¡¡1994¡¡ÄêÆä×Å×÷³ö°æ֮ǰ¿É¼ûµÄÖйú¡¡
×ÊÁϺÍÏã¸Û·ÖÎö¼ÒµÄ×Å×÷¡£ËûÉ÷ÖØʹÓÃÁËÏã¸ÛµÄ±¨µÀ£¬ÎÒÔò¼«ÉÙʹÓã¬ÒòΪºÜÄѺËʵËüÃǵÄÐÅÏ¢À´Ô´£¬¹Ê¶øºÜÄÑÆÀ¼ÛÆä¡¡
¿É¿¿ÐÔ¡£ÄªÀï˹£¿Âõ˹ÄÉ£¨Âí˼ÀÖ£©ÊÇһλºÜÓÐ˼Ïë¡¢ÊìÚÏÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÀíÂÛµÄѧÕߣ¬ËûµÄ¡¡The¡¡Deng¡¡Xiaoping¡¡Era£¨¡¶µË¡¡
Сƽʱ´ú¡·£©£¬ÒÔÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåµÄÀíÂÛÎÊÌâ×÷Ϊ±³¾°Ñо¿Á˵ËСƽ¡£ÎÒÔÚ·ÑÕýÇåÑо¿ÖÐÐij¤ÆÚ¹²ÊµÄͬÊÂ÷ÀÕ£¿¹È÷ÔÚËý¡¡
µÄ¡¡Sowing¡¡the¡¡Seeds¡¡of¡¡Democracy¡¡in¡¡China£º¡¡Political¡¡Reform¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Deng¡¡Xiaoping¡¡Era£¨¡¶ÔÚÖйú²¥ÖÖÃñ¡¡
Ö÷£ºµËСƽʱ´úµÄÕþÖθĸ£©Ò»ÊéÖУ¬»Ø¹ËÁ˵ËСƽʱ´ú²»¶Ï±ä»¯µÄ˼Ïë³±Á÷¡£ËýÀûÓõIJÄÁϲ»½öÓгö°æÎ»¹ÓÐËý¡¡

¸úÊéÖÐËù¼ÇµÄÐí¶à֪ʶ·Ö×Ó¡¢ÓÈÆäÊdzֲ»Í¬Õþ¼ûÕߵĽ»Ì¸¡£Deng¡¡Xiaoping£º¡¡Chronicle¡¡of¡¡an¡¡Empire£§03£§µÄ×÷ÕßÈîÃú¡¡
ÔÚ¡¡1983¡¡Äê±»µ³ÄÚ±£ÊØÅÉÇå³ý³öµ³Ö®Ç°ÊÇÖÐÑ뵳УµÄÑо¿ÈËÔ±¡£ËûÁ÷ÍöÃÀ¹úºó£¬¼¤ÁÒÅúÆÀÁËÄÇЩÍϸĸïºóÍȵı£ÊØÅÉÒâ¡¡
ʶÐÎ̬Ðû´«¼Ò¡£¡¡

Ten¡¡Episodes¡¡in¡¡China's¡¡Diplomacy£§04£§µÄ×÷ÕßÇ®Æäè¡£¬ÔÚµËСƽʱ´úµÄ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼äµ£ÈÎÍâ½»²¿³¤ºÍ¸±×ÜÀí£¬¡¡
ËûµÄ×Å×÷¶ÔÕâ¸öʱÆÚµÄÍâ½»Õþ²ß×öÁËÖпϵġ¢ÐÅÏ¢·á¸»µÄ¼Í¼¡£°ïµËСƽÆð²Ý¹ýÈýÖÐÈ«»á½²»°¸åµÄÓÚ¹âÔ¶£¬ÔÚ¡¡¡¡Deng¡¡

Xiaoping¡¡Shakes¡¡the¡¡World£§05£§Ò»ÊéÖн²ÊöÁËÕâ¸öÀúʷתÕ۵㡣ÓÉÓÚÎÒ²ÎÓë¹ýÕâÁ½±¾ÊéµÄÓ¢Òë±¾±à¼­¹¤×÷£¬ËùÒÔÓлú¡¡
»áͬÕâÁ½Î»ºÍµËÓÐÃÜÇй¤×÷¹ØϵµÄÇ°¹ÙÔ±½øÐв¹³äÐÔÌÖÂÛ¡£¡¡
ÒѹʵĹþÀïÉ­£¿Ë÷¶û×Ȳ®ÀïÊÇһλ¼ÇÕߣ¬Ò²ÊÇ¡¡The¡¡New¡¡Emperors£º¡¡China¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Era¡¡of¡¡Mao¡¡and¡¡Deng£¨¡¶Ð¡¡
»ÊµÛ£ºÃ«µËʱ´úµÄÖйú¡·£©µÄ×÷Õß¡£Ã«Ôó¶«È¥ÊÀ²»¾ÃºóËûÓлú»á¼ûµ½ÖйúµÄ¼¸Î»Ö÷ÒªÁìµ¼ÈË¡£ËäÈ»ËûµÄһЩÃèÊöÔæÀý¡¡
ÈçµËСƽºÍÈýÏß¹¤ÒµµÄ¹ØϵÔæÏÔʾ³öÑÏÖØÎó½â£¬µ«Ëû½ÏÆäËû¼ÇÕ߶øÑÔ½Ó´¥µ½¸ü¶à²ÄÁÏ£¬²¢ÇÒ½²ÊöÁ˵±Ê±ÈËËù²»ÖªµÄС¡
Ïʹ۵㡣¡¡
¡¡
¡¡
Éò´óࣨDavid¡¡Shambaugh£©ÔÚµËСƽÉĮ̈ʱµ£ÈΡ¡The¡¡China¡¡Quarterly£¨¡¶Öйú¼¾¿¯¡·£©µÄÖ÷±à£¬1992¡¡
ÄêµËСƽÍ˳öȨÁ¦Îę̀²»¾Ãºó£¬ËûÕÙ¼¯Ò»Ð©Ñ§Õ߶ԵËСƽ¼°Æäʱ´ú½øÐÐÆÀ¼Û£¬²¢°ÑÕâЩÆÀ¼ÛÎÄÕÂÊÕÈëÁËËû±àµÄ¡¡¡¡Deng¡¡
Xiaoping£¨¡¶µËСƽ¡·£©Ò»Êé¡£¡¡
̩ΰ˹ºÍËïÍò¹úΪд×÷ËûÃǵÄÈý¾í±¾×Å×÷£¬½ÏÖ®ËùÓÐÎ÷·½Ñ§ÕßÕÆÎÕÁ˸ü¶à¡¡1974¡¡ÄêÖÁ¡¡1982¡¡ÄêÕâ¸öʱÆÚµÄÖÐÎÄÎÄ¡¡
Ïס£ËûÃdzö°æµÄµÚÒ»¾í¡¡The¡¡End¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Maoist¡¡Era¡¡£¨¡¶Ã«Ê±´úµÄÖսᡷ£©µÄʱ¼ä¿ç¶ÈÊÇ¡¡1974¡¡Äêµ½¡¡1976¡¡Äê¡£ËûÃÇ¡¡
×ÐϸÆÀ¹À¹ØÓÚ¸÷ÖÖʼþµÄ²»Í¬½âÊÍ£¬Ö¼ÔÚÒÔ¼«ÎªÏ¸Öµķ½Ê½ÀåÇå»ù±¾ÊÂʵ¡£ËïÍò¹úÔÚ¹ýÈ¥¡¡20¡¡ÄêÀïÖÂÁ¦ÓÚ̽¾¿Õâ¸öʱÆÚ¡¡
µÄÿһ¸öÖØÒªÊÂʵ£¬Æä¼á³Ö²»Ð¸³¬¹ýÁËÎÒËùÈÏʶµÄÆäËûÈκÎÈË¡£ºóÀ´Ëû»¹»¨ÁËÁ½¸ö¶àÔµÄʱ¼äºË¶ÔÎÒÊÖ¸åµÄ²»Í¬°æ±¾£¬¡¡
ÐÞÕý´íÎó¡¢½¨Òé²¹³ä˵Ã÷¼°ÍƼö¹Ø¼üÐÔ×Å×÷¡£¡¡
¸µÊ¿×¿Ëù×Å¡¡The¡¡Dilemmas¡¡of¡¡Reform¡¡in¡¡China£¨¡¶Öйú¸Ä¸ïµÄÀ§¾³¡·£©ÊÇÓйØÕâ¸öʱÆÚ¾­¼ÃÂÛÕ½µÄ×îºÃµÄÓ¢¡¡
ÎÄ×Å×÷¡£Â½²®±òдÁ˼¸±¾Ñо¿Õâ¸öʱÆÚÍâ½»¹ØϵµÄ½Ü×÷¡£ÇîÊýÊ®ÄêÖ®Á¦Ñо¿Öйú¾«Ó¢ÕþÖκÍÎĸïµÄÂíÈôµÂ£¨Âó¿Ë·¨¿ä¶û£©£¬¡¡
׫д¹ýÈý¾í±¾µÄ¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡Origins¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Cultural¡¡¡¡Revolution£§06£§¡¡£¬²¢ÓëÉòÂõ¿ËºÏ׎²ÊöÎĸïÊ·µÄ¡¡¡¡Mao's¡¡¡¡Last¡¡
Revolution£§07£§¡£ÎÒÈÏʶËùÓÐÕâЩ×÷Õߣ¬²¢¾ÍµËСƽ¼°Æäʱ´úÓëËûÃǽøÐйý½»Ì¸¡£ËûÃÇ×ÜÊÇ¿¶¿®µØ¶ÔÎÒ²¹³äËûÃÇÊéÖÐËù¡¡
Êö£¬Ê¹ÎÒ¶ÔÆäÖÐÉæ¼°µÄһЩÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓÐÁ˸üÇåÎúµÄÈÏʶ¡£¡¡
ÒѾ­ÃæÊÀµÄÖÐÎÄ×ÊÁϺÆÈçÑ̺££¬¼´Ê¹×î½Ü³öµÄÖйúѧÕßÒ²ÎÞ·¨È«²¿ÔĶÁ¡£´Ó¡¡1990¡¡Äê´ú¿ªÊ¼£¬ÓÖ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÖÐÎÄ»¥Áª¡¡
ÍøÉÏ»ñµÃ±¬Õ¨°ãÔö³¤µÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ÎÒÒ»Ö±µÃµ½Ðí¶àÑо¿ÖúÀíµÄЭÖú£¬ÆäÖÐÓÈÆäÓ¦µ±Ìáµ½ÈÎÒâºÍñ¼ÐÂÔª¡£ÈÎÒâµÄ×游ÊÇÇ°¹ã¶«¡¡
ʡʡίµÚÒ»Êé¼ÇÈÎÖÙÒÄ£¬Ò»Î»Á˲»ÆðµÄ¹ã¶«¸Ä¸ïÅÉÁìµ¼ÈË¡£ñ¼ÐÂÔªÔøÔڹ㶫ʡ¾­Î¯¹¤×÷¶àÄ꣬Ëû¼ÈÓиöÈ˾­Ñ飬Ó־߱¸¡¡
ѧÕß´ÓÀúÊ·ÎÄÏ×ÖÐ֪̽ÕæÏàµÄÒãÁ¦¡£ÈÎÒâºÍñ¼ÐÂÔªÁ½È˶¼»¨ÁËÒ»ÄêÒÔÉϵÄʱ¼ä°ïÎÒËѼ¯´óÁ¿²ÄÁÏ£¬²¢Á¦ÇóÉîÈëÀí½â²»Í¬¡¡
Á¢³¡µÄÖйúÈ˵ĸÐÊܺÍÐÐΪ¡£Ò¦¼à¸´ÔøÊÇÕÔ×ÏÑôÁ쵼ϵÄÅ©´å·¢Õ¹Ñо¿ËùµÄ¹ÙÔ±£¬Ò²»¨ÁËÊýÖÜʱ¼äÔĶÁÎÒÊÖ¸åÖÐÓйؾ­¡¡
¼ÃµÄÕ½ڡ£¡¡
ÖÐÎÄ»¥ÁªÍøÊDzéѯÈËÃûºÍÈÕÆÚÕâÀàÎÊÌâµÄÄѵõÄÐÅÏ¢Ô´£¬µ«³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬ÍùÍùºÜÄÑÇø·ÖÄÄЩÊÇÊÂʵ£¬ÄÄЩÊÇÒÜÏë»ò¡¡
ȤÎÅ¡£Èç¹û»¥ÁªÍøÉϵÄһЩÎÄÕÂÌṩÁËÖØÒªÐÅÏ¢µ«Ã»ÓÐ×¢Ã÷À´Ô´£¬ÎһᾡÁ¿ºË²éԭʼ³ö´¦£¬»òÖÁÉÙÔÚ²ÉÓÃÇ°½«Ö®ÓëÁíÒ»¡¡
Щ×ÊÁϽøÐбȽϡ£ÕâÑù×öʱ£¬ÎÒ·¢ÏÖ¡¡China¡¡Vitae¡¡ÊÇÒ»¸öÓйØÔÚÊÀµÄÖйú¹ÙÔ±µÄÊ®·ÖÓÐÓõÄÓ¢ÎÄÍøÕ¾¡£¡¡
ºÍµËСƽһÆð¹¤×÷¹ýµÄ¹ÙÔ±ËùдµÄ»ØÒäÎÄÕ¿Éνº¹Å£³ä¶°¡£Èý¾í±¾µÄ¡¶»ØÒäµËСƽ¡·ÊÇÕâÀàÎÄÏ×ÖÐ×îºÃµÄÎļ¯Ö®¡¡
Ò»£¬ÀàËƵÄÎļ¯»¹ÓÐÈý¾í±¾µÄ¡¶µËСƽÈËÉú¼Íʵ¡·¡£¡¶Ñ׻ƴºÇï¡·ºÍ¡¶°ÙÄê³±¡·ÕâÁ½±¾³öÉ«µÄÔÓÖ¾·¢±íÁ˺ܶàÓëµËСƽ¡¡
Ò»Æð¹¤×÷¹ýµÄÈË׫дµÄÎÄÕ¡£¡¶Ñ׻ƴºÇï¡·ÊÇÓɼÈÁ˽âÄÚÇéÓÖÓиĸïÒâʶµÄÇ°Èθ߹ÙÖ÷°ìµÄ¿¯Îï¡£´Ó±£ÊØÅɹÙÔ±µËÁ¦Èº¡¡
Ëùд¡¢³ö°æÓÚÏã¸ÛµÄ¡¶Ê®¶þ¸ö´ºÇ19751987£©¡·£¬ÒÔ¼°ËûÔÚµ±´úÖйúÑо¿ËùÔæÕâ¸öÓÉËû½¨Á¢µÄÑо¿Ëù£¬ÎªºÜ¶à¡¡
Ñо¿½¨¹úºóÖØ´óʼþµÄÀúÊ·×Å×÷ÌṩÁËÌõ¼þÔæµÄδ·¢±íµÄ½²»°ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÁíÒ»Öֹ۵㡣¡¡
»¹ÓкܶàÓйØÕâ¸öʱÆÚµÄËùÓйؼüÈËÎïÔæ°üÀ¨³ÂÔÆ¡¢¹ÈÄÁ¡¢ºúÒ«°î¡¢ÍòÀï¡¢Ò¶½£Ó¢ºÍÕÔ×ÏÑôÔæµÄÎÄÏ×£¬ÍùÍù¡¡
Êdzö×ÔÓÅÐãµÄ¼ÇÕßÖ®ÊÖ£¬ËûÃÇÌṩÁ˸÷²»ÏàͬµÄÊӽǡ£×î³öÉ«µÄ¼ÇÕßËùдµÄÓйصËСƽµÄ×Å×÷ÊÇÑî¼ÌÉþµÄ¡¶µËСƽʱ´ú£º¡¡
Öйú¸Ä¸ï¿ª·Å¶þÊ®Äê¼Íʵ¡·¡£¹Ù·½ÀúÊ·È硶³ÂÔÆ´«¡·£¬Ëä¾­¹ý¾«Ðı༭£¬ÈÔÊÇÒÔÎÄÏ××ÊÁÏΪ»ù´¡¡£Öì¼Ñľ̸³ÂÔƵÄÊ飨Öì¡¡
¼Ñľ¡¢³Ù°®Æ¼¡¢ÕÔÊ¿¸Õ×Å£º¡¶³ÂÔÆ¡·£©ËäÈ»¼òÂÔ£¬È´µÃÒæÓÚËûΪ³ÂÔƵ±¹ýÎåÄêÖúÊֵľ­ÀúºÍËû±¾È˵ÄϸÐÄÑо¿¡£³ýÁË¡¶µË¡¡
СƽÄêÆס·Í⣬»¹ÓÐһЩ¹Ù·½Îª³ÂÔÆ¡¢Öܶ÷À´¡¢Ò¶½£Ó¢ÒÔ¼°ÆäËûһЩÓëµËСƽÓÐÃÜÇй¤×÷¹ØϵµÄ¸ß¹Ù±à¶©µÄÄêÆס£¡¡
ÁíÒ»²¿¼«ÓмÛÖµµÄÎÄÏ×£¬ÊÇÓйء¡1949¡¡ÄêºóÖйúÀúÊ·µÄÊ®¾í±¾¡¶ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÊ·¡·£¨¼ò³Æ¡¶¹úÊ·¡·£©¡£¸ÃÊéÒÑ¡¡
³ö°æÆß¾í£¬ÈÔÓÐÈý¾í´ý¿¯£¬ÓÉÖйú´ó½µÄѧÕß׫д£¬°üÀ¨¸ß»ª£¨Òѹʣ©¡¢³Â¶«ÁÖ¡¢º«¸Ö¡¢ÉòÖ¾»ª¡¢Ïô¶¬Á¬µÈÈË¡£ÕⲿÀï¡¡
³Ì±®Ê½µÄ×Å×÷ÓÉÏã¸ÛÖÐÎÄ´óѧµ±´úÖйúÑо¿ÖÐÐijö°æ£¬ÎªÕâ¸öʱÆڿ͹ÛÈ«ÃæµÄѧÊõÑо¿Ê÷Á¢ÁËеıê×¼¡£¡¡
ËäÈ»ÖйúÕþ¸®ÒÑ´ó´ó·Å¿íÁËÈËÃǵÄд×÷¿Õ¼ä£¬µ«´ó½һЩ֪ÇéµÄ¾ÖÄÚÈËËùдµÄ¶«Î÷ÈÔ±»ÈÏΪÕùÒéÌ«´ó£¬ÎÞ·¨ÔÚ´ó¡¡
½³ö°æ¡£Ïã¸ÛµÄ³ö°æÒµÔò¸ü¼Ó¿ª·Å£¬Òò´ËºÜ¶àÕâÀà×Å×÷ÔÚÏã¸Û³ö°æ¡£ÆäÖÐÐÅÏ¢×î·á¸»µÄÊǵËÁ¦Èº¡¢ºú¼¨Î°¡¢Ñî¼ÌÉþ¡¢ÕÔ¡¡
×ÏÑôºÍ×Ú·ïÃùµÄ×Å×÷¡£ÔÚд¹ý»ØÒ伵ĸĸïÅɹÙÔ±ÖУ¬ÓС¶ÈËÃñÈÕ±¨¡·Ç°×ܱàºú¼¨Î°£¬ËûдÁË¡¶´Ó»ª¹ú·æÏĄ̂µ½ºúÒ«°î¡¡
ÏĄ̂¡·Ò»Êé¡£¡¡
Öйú´ó½ûÓгö°æºúÒ«°îµÄÄêÆ×£¬µ«Ëû´ó½µÄÅóÓÑÔÚÏã¸Û³ö°æÁËÁ½²¿Æª·ùºÆ´óµÄÄêÆ×£¬Ò»²¿ÊÇʢƽ±àµÄ¡¶ºúÒ«°î¡¡
˼ÏëÄêÆ×£¨19751989£©¡·£¬ÁíÒ»²¿ÊÇÖ£ÖÙ±ø±àµÄ¡¶ºúÒ«°îÄêÆ××ÊÁϳ¤±à¡·¡£»¹ÓÐÕÅÀèȺµÈÈËËùдµÄÈý¾í±¾¡¶ºúÒ«°î¡¡
´«¡·£¬ÆäÖжþ¡¢Èý¾íÆù½ñÈÔδ³ö°æ¡£ºúÒ«°îµÄÅóÓÑ»ã±àÁËËÄ¾í±¾µÄÎļ¯¡¶»³ÄîÒ«°î¡·£¬±àÕßÎ
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü